International Trade and Economics Trade and Inequality: From Stolper-Samuelson to the China Shock Trade and inequality have been debated since Stolper-Samuelson in 1941. The China shock literature gave the debate empirical teeth and... May 23, 2026
International Trade and Economics Iceberg Trade Costs and the Distance Puzzle: Why Trade Frictions Still Shape Globalization Iceberg trade costs explain why distance still matters for trade even in a globalized world. The distance puzzle remains unresolved... May 23, 2026
International Trade and Economics Optimal Tariff Theory: When a Tariff Can Make a Large Country Better Off Optimal tariff theory is the exception to the free-trade rule. A large country can raise its welfare by taxing imports,... May 23, 2026
International Trade and Economics Trade in Tasks: The Grossman-Rossi-Hansberg Model of Offshoring Trade in tasks reframes globalization. The Grossman-Rossi-Hansberg model shows why countries no longer trade finished goods but the tasks that... May 23, 2026
International Trade and Economics Melitz Heterogeneous Firms Model: How Trade Reshapes Industries from the Inside The Melitz heterogeneous firms model explains why only the most productive firms export and why trade reshapes industries by reallocating... May 23, 2026
Macroeconomic Trends and Analysis Real vs Nominal: Real Wages, Real GDP, and Real Interest Rates Explained Real vs nominal is the most useful distinction in economics. This guide explains the difference once and applies it to... May 22, 2026
Macroeconomic Trends and Analysis What is Interest? Real, Nominal, and the Power of Compounding What is interest? It is the price of money over time. This guide explains simple vs compound, nominal vs real,... May 22, 2026
Macroeconomic Trends and Analysis What is GDP? A Complete Beginner’s Guide to Gross Domestic Product What is GDP? It is the most-watched number in economics, often misunderstood. This guide explains how it is measured, what... May 22, 2026
Macroeconomic Trends and Analysis What is a Recession? NBER Rules, Technical Recessions, and Modern Debates What is a recession? The two-quarter GDP rule is a shortcut, not the official definition. This guide explains NBER methodology... May 22, 2026
Macroeconomic Trends and Analysis What is Money? A Beginner’s Guide to Functions, Forms, and History What is money? At its core, money is anything widely accepted as payment. This guide explains its three functions, evolving... May 22, 2026