What is Money? A Beginner’s Guide to Functions, Forms, and History
What is money? At its core, money is anything widely accepted as payment. This guide explains its three functions, evolving...
Blog
Our blog covers every aspect of the global economy, and we update our content regularly, so you can be informed about the most important topics.
Stagflation Explained: When Inflation and Recession Hit Together
Stagflation explained: the macroeconomic configuration in which inflation and recession arrive together, breaking the standard policy trade-off and binding central...
Fiscal Policy vs Monetary Policy: Two Tools, Two Sets of Trade-Offs
Fiscal policy vs monetary policy is not about which tool is better. It is about which job each is institutionally...
Inflation vs Hyperinflation: How High Does Inflation Have to Get?
Inflation vs hyperinflation is not just a difference of degree. Cagan's 50%-per-month threshold marks the point at which money itself...
UK CPI April 2026: The Energy Price Cap Cut Meets the Iran War Premium
UK CPI fell to 2.8% in April 2026, but the headline conceals a sticky services story, surging motor fuel prices,...
Maximum Likelihood Estimation: Choosing the Parameters That Best Explain the Data
Maximum likelihood estimation chooses parameters that make the observed data most probable. This guide explains the method, its properties, applications,...
Inflation Pass-Through Exchange Rates: How Currency Moves Reach Domestic Prices
Inflation pass-through exchange rates explains how currency depreciation moves through import prices, producer costs, consumer inflation, and expectations.
Core of an Exchange Economy: Blocking Coalitions
core of an exchange economy analysis explains how blocking coalitions restrict feasible trades and why competitive markets shrink the stable...
Contract Curve: Pareto Efficient Allocations
contract curve analysis derives Pareto-efficient allocations in an Edgeworth box by equating two agents’ marginal rates of substitution at tangency...
Giffen Goods: When Demand Curves Slope Upward
Giffen goods are inferior staples whose demand rises with price because the income effect overwhelms substitution. Jensen and Miller's 2008...